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'Wicked' author says one line in 'The Wizard of Oz' inspired Elphaba and Glinda's backstory

Gregory Maguire says he "fell down to the ground" laughing when the idea hit him.

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The two witches in "The Wizard of Oz" clearly had a history together.

Have you ever watched a movie or read a book or listened to a piece of music and wondered, "How did they come up with that idea?" The creative process is so enigmatic even artists themselves don't always know where their ideas come from, so It's a treat when we get to hear the genesis of a brilliant idea straight from the horse's mouth. If you've watched "Wicked" and wondered where the idea for the friendship between Elphaba (the Wicked Witch) and Glinda (the Good Witch) came from, the author of the book has shared the precise moment it came to him.

The hit movie "Wicked" is based on the 20-year-old hit stage musical, which is based on the novel "Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West" written by Gregory Maguire. While the musical is a simplified version of the 1995 book, the basic storyline—the origin story of the two witches from "The Wizard of Oz"—lies at the heart of both. In an interview with BBC, Maguire explained how Elphaba and Glinda's friendship popped into his head.

 

Maguire was visiting Beatrix Potter's farm in Cumbria, England, and thinking about "The Wizard of Oz," which he had loved as a child and thought could be an interesting basis for a story about evil.

"I thought 'alright, what do we know about 'The Wizard of Oz' from our memories,'" he said. "We have the house falling on the witch. What do we know about that witch? All we know about that witch is that she has feet. So I began to think about Glinda and the Wicked Witch of the West…

 glinda, elphaba, wicked,  In "Wicked," the two Oz witches met as students at Shiz University.  Giphy GIF by Wicked 

"There is one scene in the 1939 film where Billie Burke [Glinda the Good Witch] comes down looking all pink and fluffy, and Margaret Hamilton [the Wicked Witch of the West] is all crawed and crabbed and she says something like, 'I might have known you'd be behind this, Glinda!' This was my memory, and I thought, now why is she using Glinda's first name? They have known each other. Maybe they've known each other for a long time. Maybe they went to college together. And I fell down onto the ground in the Lake District laughing at the thought that they had gone to college together."

In "Wicked," Glinda and the Wicked Witch, Elphaba, meet as students at Shiz University, a school of wizardry. They get placed as roommates, loathe each other at first, but eventually become best friends. The story grows a lot more complicated from there (and the novel goes darker than the stage play), but it's the character development of the two witches and their relationship with one another that force us to examine our ideas about good and evil.

  - YouTube  youtu.be  

 

Maguire also shared with the Denver Center for Performing Arts what had inspired him to use the "Wizard of Oz" characters in the first place.

"I was living in London in the early 1990’s during the start of the Gulf War. I was interested to see how my own blood temperature chilled at reading a headline in the usually cautious British newspaper, the Times of London: 'Sadaam Hussein: The New Hitler?' I caught myself ready to have a fully formed political opinion about the Gulf War and the necessity of action against Sadaam Hussein on the basis of how that headline made me feel. The use of the word Hitler – what a word! What it evokes! When a few months later several young schoolboys kidnapped and killed a toddler, the British press paid much attention to the nature of the crime. I became interested in the nature of evil, and whether one really could be born bad. I considered briefly writing a novel about Hitler but discarded the notion due to my general discomfort with the reality of those times. But when I realized that nobody had ever written about the second most evil character in our collective American subconscious, the Wicked Witch of the West, I thought I had experienced a small moment of inspiration. Everybody in America knows who the Wicked Witch of the West is, but nobody really knows anything about her. There is more to her than meets the eye."

 wizard of oz, wicked witch of the west The Wicked Witch of the West has a story of her own.  Giphy  

Authors and artists—and their ideas—help hold a mirror up to humanity for us to see and reflect on who we are, and "Wicked" is one of those stories that makes us take a hard look at what we're seeing in that mirror. Thanks, Gregory Maguire, for launching us on a collective journey that not only entertains but has the potential to change how we see one another.

This story originally appeared last year.

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How Matilda Gage, history's long lost suffragist, inspired the witches of Oz

Her radical views shaped the way we view witches today—and we don't even know it.

Universal Pictures/YouTube, Wikipedia

A feminist icon deemed too radical for society? Sounds pretty witchy, if you ask us.

Part of what makes L. Frank Baum’s The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, such an enduring story—providing inspiration for countless other books, movies, television shows, musicals and beyond—is its compelling, dynamic, self-possessed female characters…which is all the more impressive when you remember that women weren’t even allowed to vote at the time of Baum writing it.

And yes, while the kind, compassionate, and brave Dorothy is certainly compelling in her own right, we all know that it’s the witches that really leave us spellbound. Both Glinda of the North and the Wicked Witch of the West (or Galinda and Elphaba, for Wicked fans) have given us a lasting image for the complex theme of good and evil.

via GIPHY

But very few know that these witches, or our current views of witches in general, might have never been conjured up in the first place, had it not been for an unsung hero of the 19th-century women’s rights movement, who just so happened to be Baum’s mother-in-law—Matilda Electa Joslyn Gage.

Gage was a suffragette who co-founded National Woman Suffrage Association along with Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. However, unlike her well-known cohorts, Gage was much more outwardly combative. In 1886 she famously showed up to the unveiling of the Statue of Liberty on a cattle barge with a megaphone, shouting that it was “a gigantic lie, a travesty and a mockery” to portray liberty as a woman when actual American women had so few rights.

Unlike Anthony Stanton, Gage also supported the 15th Amendment, and sheltered runaway slaves, and became a beloved ally to local Indigenous tribes, who adopted her as one of their own.

Gage would eventually cut ties with Anthony and Stanton after they aimed to get the support of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, an organization which wasn’t as much fighting for women’s rights as it was trying to dismantle the separation of church and state and make America a “dry and moral” country. And instead, she created a new group called the National Women’s Liberal Union.

During her time as an activist, Gage railed against religious leaders and politicians for oppressing women by accusing them of heresy and witchcraft. This is a theme most of us are extremely familiar with, thanks to her.

While writing her revolutionary manifesto Woman, Church and State: The Original Exposé of Male Collaboration Against the Female Sex in 1893, Gage became an expert on the centuries long witch-hunts that forced women to be put to death by fire, hanging, torture, drowning or stoning. And she spared no expense when it came to depicting those scenes, or her thoughts about them.

m.media-amazon.com

For example, she wrote about 400 women burning all at once in a French public square “for a crime which never existed save in the imagination of those persecutors and which grew in their imagination from a false belief in woman’s extraordinary wickedness.”

For Gage, the link between religion and oppression was unseverable.

“As soon as a system of religion was adopted which taught the greater sinfulness of women, the saying arose: One wizard for every 10,000 witches, and the persecution for witchcraft became chiefly directed at women.”

And how exactly did Gage’s male critics respond to her message? By calling her a “satanist” and a “heretic.” Thus proving her point, really.

Though Baum didn’t instantly win over his fierce mother-in-law, over the years she did become a spiritual mentor to him, not to mention his muse on multiple levels.

First off, Gage was the one who encouraged Baum to actually write down his whimsical tales in the first place, which previously he only spoke aloud with his children.

Second, Baum was fascinated by her evocative descriptions of witches, and the feminist ideals they represent, which we undoubtedly see in his work. His wizard coerces Dorothy into killing a fellow woman, the Wicked Witch of the West, and then is revealed to be an empty god. And then, through the help of another woman, Glinda the Good Witch, Dorothy learns the power was inside her all along.

Third, Gage introduced Baum to The Theosophical Society, which was basically an amalgamation of Buddhist and Hindu principles that spoke of following life’s golden path to enlightenment and would later be represented by the Yellow Brick Road.

via GIPHY

Lastly, it was Gage who suggested incorporating the tornado that would take Dorothy off to Oz in the first place. Cause how else was she gonna get there?

And to think, none of this show’s up in Gage’s measly 205-word New York Times obituary, stationed below Tiffany & Co. ad which simply credits her for being “one of the earliest champions of woman’s rights in America.” In fact, it wasn’t until new research was found, mostly in the form of newspaper writings by Baum and as unpublished letters from Gage, that people began to link her to his work.

Gage’s unwavering radical views removed her from her rightful place in history, especially due to deliberate actions taken by Susan B. Anthony to distance Gage and her “dangerous” ideas from the suffragist movement altogether. But through the work of her son-in-law, she formed a different kind of legacy—one that continues to inspire women everywhere to click their heels three times and find their own courage, value their empathy, and believe in the power of their own intelligence.

- YouTubewww.youtube.com

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Definitive proof that 'Ted Lasso' is a real-world retelling of 'The Wizard of Oz'

Brett Goldstein recently revealed which characters represent the Tin Man, Scarecrow and Cowardly Lion—and it's not who some fans expected.

Image credits: Public domain

Rearrange the syllables in "Dorothy" and you get "Theodore."

Ever since author L. Frank Baum first took us to the Emerald City in 1900, "The Wizard of Oz" has been the inspiration of countless stories, spin-offs, sequels, adaptations and other creative works. We got the soulful energy of "The Wiz," the thought-provoking origin story of "Wicked," the animated oddity of "Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz" and more. But one that people might not immediately recognize is the Emmy-winning series "Ted Lasso."

That's right, "Ted Lasso," the feel-good series about an inspirational American-football-turned-British-football coach, is actually an adaptation-of-sorts of "The Wizard of Oz." Of course, the penultimate "Ted Lasso" episode contained all kinds of direct references to the Land of Oz, including Ted's mother, Dottie (ahem, Dorothy), coming to visit, the "Wizard of Oz" themed pinball machine, the song "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" in a movie scene the team is watching, Ted finding a single yellow Lego brick under the sofa, a tie-dyed t-shirt worn by Roy that's alludes to the yellow brick road in the original film and more. But it's not just that one episode that points to "The Wizard of Oz."

Brett Goldstein's commentary challenges some fan theories about how "Ted Lasso" characters line up with "The Wizard of Oz"

Sleuthy fans have long theorized that the whole series is a retelling of the Oz story, with certain "Ted Lasso" characters representing Dorothy, the Tin Man, the Scarecrow, the Cowardly Lion, the Wizard and more. Opinions on who's who have varied, but Brett Goldstein, who plays the ever-gruff Roy Kent, revealed in an interview that the "Wizard of Oz" was indeed a big inspiration for the show and even specified how a few of the characters from the film and the series line up.

"Oh yeah, there's loads and loads of The Wizard of Oz in Ted Lasso," Goldstein told Entertainment Weekly. "I'm the Tin Man," he says, referring to his character on the show, Roy Kent. "Ted is Dorothy, Rebecca's the Lion, and the Scarecrow is Jamie."

Goldstein's revelation puts to rest some online debates in which people have speculated that Nate was supposed to be the Cowardly Lion and Rebecca was Glinda the Good Witch. Knowing that Rebecca was meant to be the Lion, perhaps Keeley was meant to be Glinda? Some see Rupert as the Wizard, while others say he's the Wicked Witch of the West. Then again, Nate could be the Wicked Witch (going to coach for West Ham). Or perhaps it's not all so cut and dry, and some of the characters are reflected in more than one person.

At any rate, in addition to the one episode that directly alluded to it, there are loads of Easter eggs dropped throughout the series that show how "The Wizard of Oz" played a major role in "Ted Lasso" characters arcs and storylines.

A non-exhaustive list of "Wizard of Oz" references in "Ted Lasso":

- Ted is short for Theodore. If you rearrange the syllables of Theodore, you get "Dorothy."

- Ted comes from Kansas and even says "I got a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" upon his and Coach Beard's in the U.K.

- Ted left his ex-wife Michelle and son Henry back in the states. Michelle = "M" as in Auntie Em, and of course, Uncle Henry.

- Ted frequently wears red Nikes, like his own ruby slippers.

- In addition to Ted's red sneakers, Rebecca donned Louboutin heels with their signature ruby red soles.

- Ted's perfectly rectangular shortbread cookies seem an awful lot like yellow bricks.

- Roy has stiff joints, rarely smiles and doesn't say a lot, like the Tin Man before Dorothy oiled him.

- Jamie starts off the series as a dolt—albeit a beautiful one—but grows more thoughtful over time, like the Scarecrow.

- Rebecca's power pose where she makes herself big looks an awful lot like the Cowardly Lion trying to appear scary when he first appears in "The Wizard of Oz." She definitely grew in courage to take on her powerful ex-husband.

- YouTubewww.youtube.com

- Coach Beard, Ted's loyal ride-or-die companion, is most definitely Toto.

- Dr. Sharon Fieldstone rode her bike around being mean to people, just like the grumpy neighbor in Kansas, who turned out to be the Wicked Witch of the West in Oz. Some people have theorized that Dr. Fieldstone represents The Great and Powerful Oz, seemingly a magician who can fix anything (or anyone) but very much a human once the curtain is pulled back.

- Ted clicked the heels of his red sneakers together while dancing in the finale.

- "There's no place like home" appeared on the soccer pitch ad space.

Undoubtedly, there are more nods to Oz in the show, and superfans will likely continue making their arguments for which characters represent whom in the series and why. But thanks to Brett Goldstein, we now we know for sure that the "Wizard of Oz" parallels were intentional, much to the delight of all who love both the movie and the TV series.

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'Wicked' is becoming a political Rorschach test and so many people are missing the point

Watching “Wicked” through a partisan lens is inherently problematic.

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Cynthia Erivo plays Elphaba and Ariana Grande plays Glinda in Jon M. Chu's "Wicked" adaptation.

Like millions of others, I recently watched Jon M. Chu's long-awaited movie adaptation of "Wicked," a musical prequel to "The Wizard of Oz" that offers an origin story for the Wicked Witch of the West. Plenty has been said about the film—the performances of Cynthia Erivo and Ariana Grande, the stunning sets, the fun choreography, the questionable lighting— but I'm much more intrigued by people's strangely partisan responses to the story.

As we walked out of the movie theater, someone commented on how "timely" the story was, "considering everything happening in the current political climate." I assumed I knew what they meant, but after reading scores of reactions to the film, I realized I had no clue. People watching the exact same film are walking away with very different ideas about who the characters and the plot represent, with some seeing Donald Trump in the Wizard (a charlatan who feigns being great and powerful) and some seeing him in Elphaba (a misunderstood outsider challenging the establishment).

Unsurprisingly, people seem to be viewing it through polarized partisan lenses, and hoo boy, does that color what they are seeing. 

- YouTubewww.youtube.com

How are people walking out of "Wicked" with totally opposite political interpretations?

There's no question that the story of "Wicked" is political, tackling fascism, populism, charlatanism, scapegoating and manipulation of the masses. The protagonist, Elphaba, is someone who has been "othered," a victim of prejudice and propaganda, who sees the pathetic reality of "the man behind the curtain" and courageously thwarts his plot to make himself more powerful. What and who the storyline and characters represent in our "current political climate" is open to interpretation, however, and people are coming to polar opposite conclusions.

You know the famous Rorschach inkblot test used to analyze how people interpret what they're seeing? "Wicked" appears to be a film version of that for American politics.

Partisan lenses cause people to oversimplify a story that is purposefully complex

Everything stemming from those opposing interpretations colors how people view the rest of the film, with both sides insisting they have rock solid evidence for their viewpoint. However, the partisan lenses that lead people to feel more certain that their side is the right side—the "good" side—entirely misses the point.

Rorschach inkblotThe first inkblot in the Rorschach test.Public domain

The show explores multiple themes, but the biggie is that “good” and “evil” are complex and nuanced concepts. What appears to be evil or good is influenced by people's motivations, perceptions, prejudices, relationships, self-interest, propaganda, power, sense of the greater good, etc. The deep dive into the complexity of how those things influence what—and whom—we view as good or evil is what makes the show so beautifully compelling. The three times I saw "Wicked" on stage, I came away delightfully awed by how it made me question my biases and beliefs.

If you walk out of "Wicked" more certain about your worldview, you're missing the point.

The point of "Wicked" is that good vs. evil narratives are overly simplistic. Not only is everyone capable of good and evil, but having the full context is vital in determining what is actually good or evil—and even then, it's not always clear. As we will see in Part 2, even Glinda's opening question, "Are people born wicked, or do they have wickedness thrust upon them?" proves to be overly simplistic because sometimes what is "wicked" is in the eye of the beholder. Ultimately, the show implores us to question what we believe about others and recognize how easy it is to be influenced by propaganda and fear-mongering. We aren't meant to come away more certain of our views.

That's not to say there aren't objectively good or evil actions or that some people don't indulge their evil tendencies more than their good. But there's a lot more gray area than our black-and-white public discourse, with its viral soundbites and hot takes and incentivized sensationalism, acknowledges.

- YouTubewww.youtube.com

Prejudice makes us easy to control

Another big takeaway from "Wicked" is that people in positions of power will exploit our prejudices and manipulate our perceptions of good and evil to achieve their purposes. That's a message for all of us, not just for the people we believe are being deluded by populist politicians or unscrupulous media outlets. If anyone of any political persuasion walks out of “Wicked” thinking, “That's right! THOSE people are being duped by propaganda from evil leaders masquerading as great and powerful,” without recognizing how they themselves might just be in the same boat, they’ve missed the point. If people walk out more confident that their political side is "good" and the other side is "evil," no matter what side of the spectrum they’re on, they’ve also missed the point.

"Wicked" asks us to untangle ourselves from the prejudices and biases that make us easy to manipulate, and that starts with seeing the inherent potential for good and evil that we all share. If we continue to toss nuance and complexity out the window in favor of simplistic narratives about one another, if we refuse to try to acknowledge that we might not be as right as we think we are and others might not be as wrong as we think they are, we might as well just be flying monkeys.

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