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Health

Psychologists set the record straight on what gaslighting is (and what it's not)

"People often tell me that someone gaslighted them when in fact, what they are describing is mere disagreement."

man and woman clearly in an argument

Arguments and disagreements do not automatically equal gaslighting.

Unless we were in therapy to deal with an emotionally abusive relationship, most of us weren't familiar with the term "gaslighting" until the past decade. Now, it's everywhere, and there always seems to be someone talking to people and gaslighting them. In fact, it's used so much that in 2022, it was named a word of the year by the dictionary giant Merriam-Webster.

"Gaslighting" has become a common part of our vocabulary—unfortunately, it also comes with some common misunderstandings.

Merriam-Webster currently defines gaslighting as “the act or practice of grossly misleading someone, especially for one’s own advantage,” but that definition merely reflects how the clinical term has been broadened and oversimplified. As psychologists explain, specific factors make a behavior gaslighting instead of disagreeing, correcting, or trying to persuade someone that they're right.


Where the term "gaslighting" comes from

The word "gaslighting" is derived from a 1938 play called "Gas Light," which was subsequently adapted as the film "Gaslight" in 1944. In that story, a young woman's new husband—who had, unbeknownst to her, murdered her aunt 10 years prior—tries to make her think she's losing her mind. He manipulates her environment (for instance, by repeatedly dimming the gas lights) but denies that anything odd is happening, making her question her reality. His deception was deliberate—he hoped to drive her mad so he could institutionalize her and steal a cache of jewels that were hidden in her aunt's house.

That storyline, the husband's tactics and the reason for them provide helpful context for what gaslighting is and isn't.

What is "gaslighting"?

Psychology Today defines gaslighting as "an insidious form of manipulation and psychological control. Victims of gaslighting are deliberately and systematically fed false information that leads them to question what they know to be true, often about themselves. They may end up doubting their memory, their perception, and even their sanity. Over time, a gaslighter’s manipulations can grow more complex and potent, making it increasingly difficult for the victim to see the truth."

Robin Stern, Ph.D., wrote the 2007 book "The Gaslight Effect," which helped popularize the term that she says is now losing its meaning. "People often tell me that someone gaslighted them when, in fact, what they are describing is mere disagreement," she writes in Psychology Today.

Here's how she describes it:

"Gaslighting is a form of emotional abuse where one person’s psychological manipulation causes another person to question their reality. Gaslighting can happen between two people in any relationship. A gaslighter preserves his or her sense of self and power over the gaslightee, who adopts the gaslighter’s version of reality over their own."

Ahona Guha D.Psych offers a definition that includes some key factors:

"Gaslighting is a pattern of behaviour, usually intentional, designed to make someone question their own reality, memories, or experiences. The lesson is simple: When identifying gaslighting, look for a pattern (i.e., one time is not enough), and for behaviour that seems intentional or malicious (think 'No, you are over-reacting because you are too sensitive, it didn’t happen that way')."

When is it not really gaslighting?

If we define gaslighting as simply misleading or confusing someone, it becomes easy to mislabel all kinds of normal, imperfect human interactions as such. Disagreements, remembering events differently, and even trying to convince someone of your viewpoint are not gaslighting unless they involve some specific elements.

"It’s important to remember that gaslighting is not present every time there is a conflict, and someone feels strongly about their point of view and rejects another’s," explains Stern. "Conflicts can veer into gaslighting if one person is so insistent that the other person starts to doubt themselves. A power imbalance in the relationship usually allows the gaslighter to undermine the gaslightee’s sense of self. The need to control, the act of manipulating, and the leveraging of power are essential components of gaslighting—not hurt feelings or challenged viewpoints."

"Often, the gaslighter is unyielding and verbally aggressive," Stern adds. "The gaslighter likely turns a back-and-forth discussion into blaming the other person and may even lie outright about what took place. They may use statements such as, 'Are you crazy? I never said that—must be early memory loss,' and 'OMG—fantasy land as usual. Can’t you remember anything?!'"

Guha emphasizes that gaslighting is not a one-off behavior but a pattern. "Most people will say things that might be insensitive, exasperated, or callous on occasion. It would not count as gaslighting unless there was a repeated pattern over time — a pattern based on a desire to deny recognition of the other’s experience."

Why does it matter if we call something gaslighting when it's not?

“Gaslighting is often used in an accusatory way when somebody may just be insistent on something, or somebody may be trying to influence you," Dr. Stern told Well + Good. "That’s not what gaslighting is.” She shared that accusing someone of gaslighting when they are really just insistent on a strongly held opinion, or belief shuts down a conversation in an unhealthy way.

Stern and her colleague Marc Brackett at the Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence wrote in the Washington Post, "Today, many people use 'gaslighting' when someone merely disagrees with them. Well-meaning partners, co-workers, or family members may not be skilled in resolving conflict in a relationship, but that doesn’t mean they’re gaslighting — or being gaslighted. Mislabeling and name-calling can break down communication. It can also lead you to think you’re in an emotionally abusive relationship when you’re not."

Gaslighting is "an extreme form of emotional abuse," according to the National Domestic Violence Hotline, so if you wonder if you may be the victim of a gaslighter, get advice from a professional therapist who has the knowledge and experience to help.

This article originally appeared last year.

Unsplash

I've always really liked cliches, idioms, proverbs, and common phrases that we like to use over and over. They can get repetitive at times, but they're crucial tools in communication. They allow us to convey so much meaning in so few words — a commonly understood shorthand that can get complex points across quickly.

The only problem is that many of the most popular idioms in common use date back hundreds of years. In that time, they've either become outdated, or seen their words adopt new meanings. In some cases the idioms have been shortened or reversed, losing important context. So when someone tells you to "bite the bullet," you may inherently know what they mean — but if you really stop and think about it, you have no idea why it means what it means.

If you're a word nerd like me, you'll be absolutely fascinated by the origin and evolution of some of these common idioms, and how they came to mean what they mean today.

1. Sick as a dog / Working like a dog

dog typing on laptopGiphy

Ever have a cold and tell someone you're "sicker than a dog?" Kind of rude to dogs, in my opinion, and a little strange. I've had dogs my whole life and can't remember any of them coming down with the flu.

Sick as a dog actually originates hundreds of years ago, if not longer. Some explanations say that in the 1700s, stray dogs were responsible for the spread of many diseases, along with rats and other gutter critters. There are also references as far back as the Bible to dogs eating their own vomit — sounds pretty sick to me.

What about working like a dog? Dogs are the laziest creatures around! For this one you have to remember that dogs as "pleasure pets" is a relatively recent phenomenon, and before that they had to earn their keep by working tirelessly on the farm to herd and protect the animals.

2. Sweating like a pig

This is an extremely common idiom that we all use and accept. There's just one problem with it. Pigs don't sweat!

So... what gives? You might be surprised to hear that 'sweating like a pig' actually has nothing to do with farm animals.

According to McGill University: "The term is actually derived from the iron smelting process in which hot iron poured on sand cools and solidifies with the pieces resembling a sow and piglets. Hence 'pig iron'. As the iron cools, the surrounding air reaches its dew point, and beads of moisture form on the surface of the 'pigs'. 'Sweating like a pig' indicates that the "pig" (ie iron) has cooled enough to be safely handled. And that's a "pig" you wouldn't want to eat."

3. Bite the bullet

Biting the bullet refers to sucking it up and doing something hard, something you don't want to do but is necessary, and accepting the difficult consequences and/or pain that comes with it. But what does that have to do with biting a bullet?

There are different theories on this. One common explanation is that in the olden days it was common for soldiers on the battlefield receiving surgery to bite down on a lead bullet. You've probably seen people in moving biting down on a piece of wood or leather strap. Since lead is a softer metal, it would give just a little bit between their teeth and not damage them. So the idiom 'biting the bullet' means, okay, this is going to suck, just bite down and get through it.

4. Healthy as a horse

This one has always confused me. As a layman, it seems like horses are prone to injury and have trouble recovering when they hurt themselves. More research shows that horses can not vomit, which means they are highly at risk for deadly colic episodes. Doesn't sound super healthy!

The best explanation I can find for healthy as a horse is that, again, in the olden days, horses were symbols of health and strength and vitality. Which checks out — they're really powerful, majestic creatures.

5. Slept like a baby

To many parents, this common idiom is rage-inducing. If babies sleep so well, why am I so exhausted all the time?!

Yes, babies are notorious for waking up every few hours or at the first sign of hunger or a dirty diaper. It puts their parents through the wringer (another strange idiom!). But to the outside observer, a sleeping baby is pure bliss. They are so innocent and blissfully unaware of anything going on around them — after all, if they're not sitting in a dirty diaper they really don't have too many other things to worry about. Also, despite all their shenanigans, babies do sleep a lot — around 17 hours a day or so. When you put it that way, the idiom starts to make a little sense.

6. Happy as a clam

Clams are a lot of things. Some people find them delicious, others disgusting. One thing I think we can all agree on is that clams don't seem particularly happy, which makes this idiom a bit of a conundrum.

The truth is that this phrase is actually derived from the full version: "Happy as a clam at high water."

At low water, or low tide, clams are exposed to predators. At high tide, they're safe in deeper water. That's about as happy as mollusk can get!

7. The proof is in the pudding

Hey, we all love pudding. But what the heck does this mean? If you're not familiar, it refers to judging something based on the results it generates — but what that has to do with pudding is a bit of a mystery to most people.

This is another example of a shortened idiom that makes more sense when you read the full, original line: "The proof of the pudding is in the eating."

According to Dictionary.com it "originated as a reference to the fact that it was difficult to judge if the pudding was properly cooked until it was actually being eaten. In other words, the test of whether it’s done is taking a bite."

8. Don't look a gift horse in the mouth

smiling horseGiphy

I've always been a big fan of this idiom, which basically means that it's rude to over-analyze or criticize something you got for free, especially when it was a nice gesture from a friend or loved one.

But here we go with horses again! This phrase likely originated from the fact that you can determine a horse's age and health by looking at its teeth. So if someone were to give you a horse as a gift, it would be rude to immediately try to see how "good" it was by looking in its mouth.

9. Clean as a whistle

Whistles are objectively disgusting. They collect spit and germs every time they're used. I certainly wouldn't hold them up as a beacon of cleanliness.

So what gives with this idiom? There are several possible explanations that have been proposed.

First, a whistle won't work, or won't work very well, if it has debris blocking up its inside. So you can think of "clean" in this case as being "empty or free of clutter." Another possibility is that, in this idiom, clean refers to sharpness — as in the sharp sound a whistle makes — and that inference has been lost over time.

10. Pull yourself up by your bootstraps

This phrase is commonly use to describe someone who was "self-made" and built themselves up into a success from nothing. Imagine lying on the floor and hoisting yourself to your feet using only the straps on your boots.

The only problem is... that's impossible! And that's exactly the point. This idiom is actually meant to be sarcastic and to imply that "socioeconomic advancement... was an impossible accomplishment," according to Useless Etymology.

11. Have your cake and eat it too

cartoon cake sliceGiphy

Why bother having a cake if you can't eat it? That's the mystery of this extremely common idiom or proverb (sometimes worded "you can't have your cake and eat it, too")

The explanation is actually really simple. "Have" in this case really means "keep" or "hold onto." So, in that case, it makes perfect sense that you can't eat your cake and also still have it. "You can't have it both ways," would be another way of saying it.

12. Head over heels

Very rarely do people describe being deeply in love without using this phrase. But it's a confusing one, because isn't your head always over your heels? That doesn't seem to be an extraordinary state of being.

The idiom here has actually been flipped over time for unknown reasons. Originally, it went "heels over head", implying upside down. Some say it may also reference certain sexual positions...

13. Pushing the envelope

When I think of radical, risky, or pushing the limits of what's possible, sliding an envelope across a table just somehow doesn't quite capture it for me. But an envelope doesn't have to be just a paper container that you put other paper in. It can actually refer to different parts and practices of an aircraft.

"Push the envelope comes from aeronautics, where it refers to a set of performance limits that may not be safely exceeded," according to Merriam Webster. Now that's more like it!

Modern Families

'SAHMs Listen up!': Texas UPS driver has pointed message about stay-at-home and entitlement

“You are so privileged to have a person who is willing to provide such a carefree life for you.”

A UPs driver takes a break and makes a phone call.

J.R. Milton, a 33-year-old UPS driver from the Dallas, Texas area, ruffled some feathers recently with a viral TikTok video titled “SAHMs Listen up!” that begins with him asking, “I mean, how entitled could you be?” At first, Milton appears to fail to appreciate the enormous amount of emotional, mental, and physical labor that stay-at-home moms provide.

“I truly cannot imagine the amount of arrogance you must have to sit there and complain when you are so privileged to have a person who is willing to provide such a carefree life for you,” Milton continues. “Let’s get real! What do you do all day? Your spouse is taking care of everything so you can take care of one thing. How complicated could it be: all you do is go to work?”

At this point, legions of stay-at-home mothers and those who love them considered trucking themselves to Dallas to find this unappreciative UPS driver. However, it was soon apparent that Milton was referring to himself.

@minton__jr

Grow tf up—You should be doing more. #sahm #sahmlife #momlife #mom #momsoftiktok #sahmsoftiktok #sahmtok #momtok

“For 10 hours a day, you get to live the life of a single, childless, carefree man because your wife was willing to take the financial risk of allowing you to be successful in your career while she takes care of everything else,” he continues. “She provides childcare services, home cleaning services, medical services, food services, scheduling services, and a list that goes on and on. And you provide... a paycheck? And you have the nerve to call yourself the provider! What is it going to take for you to realize that, bro, everything you have in your life is because of a stay-at-home mom.”

The commenters on the video breathed sighs of relief and then praised Milton, a father of 4, for publicly appreciating his wife’s work.



"My sleeves were rolled up, earrings were off, hair tied up.... I was so ready...." one commenter joked. "I thought I landed in enemy territory for a min..." another added. "You have just made me realize after all these years that *I* am the freaking provider and that feels amazing,” a stay-at-home mother wrote.

People appreciate Milton’spost because he praised stay-at-home mothers and placed his wife’s work above his, which he characterized as merely bringing home a paycheck. Milton has one job, delivering packages, but as he noted, his wife is an expert in over five different professions. In a world where stay-at-home moms are fighting to be seen as equals to their working spouses, Milton places them on a pedestal and owes his “carefree life” to them.

This post isn’t the first time Milton has pulled the bait and switch on his followers. Last year, he made a video where he appeared to take pride in the fact that he never “helps” his wife with chores.

The twist in this video was that he doesn’t “help” his wife with chores because they are also his responsibility. "Because I do what I am supposed to do as a father and a husband. I cook. I clean. I do the laundry. I take care of the kids. I can't help my wife do those things because they are my job, too,” he reveals.

He then urged men to change their perspectives on how they view stay-at-home moms. “Change the way you speak, change the way you think, and grow the f*** up and be a man," he added.

Upworthy has reached out to Minton and is awaiting his response.

Education

Swim coach's reaction when toddler tries to kiss him is a masterclass in teaching boundaries

People are impressed with how expertly and professionally he handled it.

It takes a village, as they say.

People who work with children—teachers, coaches, mentors—are often beloved by the kids they serve, especially if they're good at what they do. Those caring adult relationships are important in a child's life, but they can also lead to some awkward situations as kids learn appropriate ways to show affection to different people. A baby might cover their mother's face with slobbery kisses, but other adults may not appreciate that very much. As kids grow, they learn what's okay and not okay, not just from their parents but from the village of adults in their lives as well.

A perfect example of what that looks like was shared in a video showing a swim instructor at the end of a swim lesson with a toddler who hugged him and then went in for a kiss. The hug was expected and welcome—"Thank you, Mila. I love Mila hugs!" the swim coach said. But when she started to go in for a kiss, he immediately pulled back, gently saying, "No, no kissy. No kissy 'cause I'm coach. You only kiss Mommy and Daddy, okay?"

The little girl looked a bit dejected and started to cry, and he quickly gave her an acceptable alternative. "Okay, hey! High five!" he said, while holding up his hand. "High five 'cause we're all done!" She calmed right down, gave him a high five, and then he moved on to clean-up time.

Watch:



His expression at the end of the video says it all—he knew that was a teachable moment that could have gone very wrong, but he handled it with clear professionalism and toddler-friendly expertise. People loved seeing such a great example:

"So sweet... I sometimes have young clients who want to give kisses and it's so cute but you do have to tell them "no" because it's an important boundary to learn. Not everyone wants kisses!"

"On top of knowing not to do it to other people, it also teaches them for themselves that other people shouldn’t be just giving them kisses."

"The kid is absolutely adorable but that coach is on another level. Creating the boundaries while keeping it cool and recording the whole thing so the parents are extremely comfortable. Dude is setting a hell of example."

"It sounds like he's got a good balance between encouraging her growth and setting appropriate boundaries. Kids can be incredibly affectionate, and it's important to gently guide them in understanding what's suitable."

Jake Johnson Fox GIF by New GirlGiphy

"I also think it’s important for the parents’ comfort that a grown man swimming with their young girl isn’t overstepping boundaries/being predatory. From the outside looking in, it’s hard to know for sure when something is innocent or not. It’s better to just stay away from those situations as a whole."

"The little girls I used to babysit always tried to give me kisses (they were between 2-5) and I had to tell them that I’m not related to you, so you can’t kiss me. You can hi-five or hug me, but no kisses! They still give me running tackle hugs when they see me!"

A few commenters pointed out that some cultures see kissing as totally acceptable, as it's frequently used as a friendly greeting for people of all ages and genders. But even in those cultures, boundaries based on relationships and contexts are important to learn, and it's helpful when adults help teach those lessons so it doesn't all fall on the parents.

Well done, Coach. Thanks for giving us all such a fabulous example to follow.

Screenshot from 'The Tonight Show' interview on YouTube

Questlove opens his 'SNL' documentary with an all-time great musical mashup.

Questlove—drummer/producer of hip-hop legends The Roots, longtime Tonight Show bandleader, Oscar-winning filmmaker, and an all-time elite music nerd—recently helped create a musical mashup destined for the pop culture time capsule. The seven-minute piece serves as the cold open to Ladies & Gentlemen … 50 Years of SNL Music, his new NBC documentary co-directed with Oz Rodriguez—but it’s truly a standalone work of art, cleverly blending sounds you’d never expect: Nelly and Franz Ferdinand, Cher and Hanson, Run-DMC and Hall & Oates.

The piece is bookended by snippets of R&B-rock songwriter Billy Preston, the first-ever SNL musical guest, from his performance on October 11, 1975. Everything else is brilliant madness, with songs from the past five decades forming a surreal collage. Usher’s Crunk&B hit "Yeah!" is matched with Gwen Stefani’s pop-rap chant-along "Hollaback Girl"; Nelly’s swaggering hip-hop smash "Hot in Herre" merges with Franz Ferdinand’s stomping indie-rock smash "Take Me Out."

The pairings get progressively more outrageous and wonderful—including Run-DMC’s "Walk This Way" with Hall & Oates’ "I Can’t Go for That (No Can Do)," Cher’s "I Found Someone" with Hanson’s "MMMBop," Queen’s "Under Pressure" with Dave Matthews Band’s "Ants Marching," John Mellencamp’s "Hurt So Good" with Roy Orbison’s "Pretty Woman," Bobby McFerrin’s "Drive" with Busta Rhymes’ "Tear da Roof Off" and TLC’s "Creep," and NSYNC’s "Bye Bye Bye" with Dido’s "Thank You" and Destiny’s Child’s "Survivor."

In a recent Tonight Show interview with Jimmy Fallon, Questlove wrote that he watched every single SNL episode—including over 900 musical performances—while making the documentary. And the process of piecing together the opening section, he says, took 11 months. Fallon called the cold open "the greatest opening of any documentary," saying it gave him goosebumps. "You showed me the first six minutes of the doc in my office, and I think I cried," he said. "I think when you left, I teared up—I was so emotional."

- YouTubewww.youtube.com

Ladies & Gentlemen … 50 Years of SNL Music, which is available to stream via Peacock, is much more than its mind-blowing intro. The film chronicles some of the most innovative, controversial, and bizarre musical performances on the show, along with famous sketches ("James Brown’s Celebrity Hot Tub Party") and digital shorts ("Lazy Sunday") that are built around music.

On Instagram, Questlove enthused about his lifelong SNL "obsession."

"Thank god my family was hip enough to let their 5 year old kid wake up 12:30am to watch his fav show," he wrote. "It was a half hour early because most of my fav musicians were on SNL (Bill Withers/Gil Scott-Heron/Phoebe Snow/Al Jarreau/The Meters) … So doing this project was a NO BRAINER because I know this show like the back of my hand. So every second of this doc is a love letter of sorts."

Politics Activism GIF by NRDCGiphy

Questlove has been on a roll lately as a director. His other film project of 2025, the Sly and the Family Stone documentary Sly Lives! (aka The Burden of Black Genius), recently premiered at Sundance and will hit Hulu on February 13.

Wellness

Veggie haters share the best ways to eat broccoli and other greens

There are genius ways for picky eaters to get more veggies on their plate

There are many options for picky eaters to add more greens to their diet.

One person online is bringing a green, leafy, fibrous issue to the American kitchen table. Many grown adults still have trouble getting more vegetables in their diet, especially people who hate veggies or grew up hating them. The majority of people already know that a diet rich in vegetables can benefit them and have a healthier life than without them. So why is it so hard?

Picky eating isn’t uncommon during childhood, but more and more adults are identifying themselves as picky eaters. In a recent Pennsylvania University study, out of 489 participants interviewed, 35.5% were self-identified or qualified as picky eaters. So a Redditor struggling with this had a simple yet too relatable question: How do you incorporate more vegetables into your diet when you dislike vegetables?

A bunch of commenters on had some great tips. Most of them responded that it came down to preparation:

“Make good food. Seriously, if you don’t like a lot of vegetables I think it’s due to bad cooking. Quick example, I hated broccoli most of my life. It tasted like rubber and sucked. Well…. That’s because I only had broccoli boiled with no seasoning, and once I had it in stir fry with a bit of ginger and garlic etc… I love broccoli. I just hate boiled flavorless broccoli.”

Stir frying veggiesOften folks that don't eat their vegetables because they haven't been cooked correctly.Photo credit: Canva

“I didn't eat cooked vegetables until I was 22 and doing a semester abroad. My mom would basically just boil the hell out of vegetables, and if she made a stir-fry (which was more of an asian-themed steam), the veggies would be almost gray. They tried to bribe me with things like oreos and candy to try and get me to eat them. Then, my host family introduced me to roasted vegetables. And we went to a Thai place pretty frequently where I learned that stir-fried veggies could still be crisp. When I got home and ended up doing a lot of the cooking, I started properly cooking all of the veggies and shocked my parents by actually eating them.”

“Buying fresh versus frozen is a big difference, too. Grilled veggies are awesome.”

“Broccoli is the ideal sauce delivery vehicle, as in a stir fry. The crowns just hold onto it so well.”

Grilled vegetablesGrilling vegetables is a great way to try out different flavors and textures in each one.Photo credit: Canva

Other commenters that were even pickier went to more “exposure therapy” lengths to include veggies, or just outright hide them altogether:

“Hiding vegetables in food did the trick for me. Start small: Add a single tomato to your entire lasagna for example. Make sure you slice it into near infinite pieces to hide it. Next time, maybe add another vegetable. Or more of the same. The time after that you could slice one or more vegetables no longer into 1,000 pieces, but make the pieces a little bit bigger. This way, you can add more and more vegetables.”

“Pulse or chop the veggies VERY small, or even throw them in a blender for a little bit, just get them very fine. Then you can dump them into your meals like soup or taco meat or wherever. Kids (and some adults) can tolerate them much better when they're not so obvious. Heck, I do this with vegetables I'm not particularly fond of.”

“Blend them into sauces or cut them as small as you can get without driving yourself crazy by cutting them, then throw them into your dish. When they are itty bitty they are hard to avoid but the rest of the dish typically overpowers the flavor.”

Per study after study, article after article, there isn’t just one reason or theory as to why a person is a picky eater. Some studies say it’s genetic, others point to emotional trauma as a child, others say it’s due to fear of the unfamiliar, and all of them are valid potential reasons.

- YouTubeyoutube.com

Another strong contender to why there are so many picky eaters is that Americans often consume heavily processed foods since they are typically inexpensive and convenient. Due to how these foods are made, many vegetables within them are frozen or canned which not only diminishes their nutritional value but also alters their texture and taste. This can easily create an aversion to veggies in general since they either don’t taste good or fresh ones aren’t boosted with added sugar, salt, or fat to offset whatever taste they have.

If you’re a picky eater or just don’t care for certain veggies, luckily the methods mentioned above might help you. You may end up a veggie fan afterward or just find a way to hold your nose and tolerate it. If you have tried different cooking methods and other techniques but still struggle, know that you’re not alone. Research online for support groups such as Picky Eating Adults, Duke Health, or many other resources that are available to you.